🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Erythrae (Erythrai) — Temple of Athena Polias and Sibyl Rock
Archaic to Byzantine (1100 BCE – 600 CE) · Ionian Greek (Erythraean)
Erythraean peninsula Athena cliff temple and Sibyl throne opposite Chios.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Rock art
Kamyana Mohyla (Stone Grave)
Late Palaeolithic to Medieval (20 ka BCE – 12th c. CE) · Epipalaeolithic, Sredny Stog, Yamna, Catacomb, Scythian, Sarmatian, Turkic steppe cultures
Azov steppe sandstone hill with 87 grottoes and 3,000 petroglyphs from Palaeolithic to Turkic.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Magnesia on the Maeander — Temple of Artemis Leukophryene
Archaic to Byzantine (1100 BCE – 600 CE) · Aeolian/Ionian Greek and Roman (Pergamene)
Hermogenes' pseudodipteral Artemis temple 150 BCE — Vitruvian beautiful after Ephesus.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Teos Dionysus North Temenos
Hellenistic (Lysimachus to Attalid) · Ionian Hellenistic (Hermogenes architect) and Tean Technitai guild
110-m-north altar courtyard and Technitai guild hall of Teos Dionysus sanctuary.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Pessinus (Ballıhisar)
Chalcolithic to Byzantine; Phrygian-Roman sanctuary peak · Phrygian → Galatian Tolistobogii → Roman Galatia
Mother-goddess sanctuary-city of Cybele — Phrygian terraces, Hellenistic temple and Roman acropolis buried under Ballıhisar mound on Sangarios.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly-Tas II Upper Cliff Petroglyphs
Late Bronze to Dzungar · Wusun, Turkic, Mongol-Oirat, Tibetan Buddhist
Upper limestone cliff 35 m above the Ili left bank at Tamgaly-Tas (Kapchagai), 800 m upstream from the famous 17th-century Tibetan Buddhist panels.
🇩🇪 Germany · Megalith
Externsteine
Natural Cretaceous (85 Ma); human modification medieval, hypothesized pre-Christian · Natural geology; medieval Christian hermitage; contested Germanic cult
Teutoburg Forest sandstone pillars with carved grottoes and medieval relief, debated as Germanic solar sanctuary.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Magnesia Stadium-Gymnasium — Artemis Leukophryene Athletic Annex
Hellenistic to Roman (220 BCE – 300 CE) · Ionian Magnesians under Hermogenes
190 m stadium and palaestra 500 m east of Leukophryene Artemis temple.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Stratonikeia Hekate Temple — Lagina Sanctuary of Hekate
Hellenistic to Roman (200 BCE – 250 CE) · Seleucid foundation to Rhodian to Roman Karian
Largest Hekate temple 8×11 with Gigantomachy frieze linked via 9 km Sacred Way to city.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Euromos Zeus Lepsynos — Milas Plain Corinthian Sanctuary
Hellenistic to Roman Hadrianic (200 BCE – 200 CE) · Karian to Roman Asia Euromian
Best-preserved Corinthian Zeus temple 6×11 with 17 standing columns at Milas plain.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Teos Theatre Terrace — Dionysus Sanctuary Overlook
Hellenistic to Roman (300 BCE – 300 CE) · Ionian Teian with Hellenistic king patronage
Upper terrace of Technitai Dionysus sanctuary above theatre and harbour.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kalbak-Tash II Yaloman South Rock
Bronze Age to Early Medieval · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic
South-facing Yaloman cliff 5 km west of Kalbak-Tash main, with Andronovo two-spoked chariots and 12 Turkic tamga slabs overlaying earlier elk.