🇯🇵 Japan · Rock art
Fugoppe Cave Petroglyphs
Jomon (Final to Zoku-Jomon) · Zoku-Jomon maritime hunter-gatherers of western Hokkaido
Hokkaido shore tuff cave with 800 winged-human and boat incisions 300 BCE–500 CE, Jomon rock art.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Quarai Pueblo (Mission Quarai)
Pueblo III–IV → Spanish mission (1100–1670 CE) · Pueblo III–IV → Spanish mission (1100–1670 CE)
Quarai Pueblo (Mission Quarai) in New Mexico, Torrance County, Salinas, Manzano foothills, United States is a Pueblo III–IV → Spanish mission (1100–1670 CE) settlement attributed to Pueblo III–IV →…
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Miqne (Ekron)
Early Bronze through Iron Age II; EBA, LB Canaanite, Iron I–II Philistine, Assyrian 7th c. · LB Canaanite → Sea Peoples Philistine → Ekronite (Philistine) kingdom → Neo-Assyrian vassal
Ekron — Philistine pentapolis capital with 115-press oil industry and Achish inscription (Iron I–II, 1200–603 BCE).
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Pecos Pueblo (Aquio)
Pueblo II–IV → Spanish contact (1100–1838 CE) · Pueblo II–IV → Spanish contact (1100–1838 CE)
Pecos Pueblo (Aquio) in New Mexico, San Miguel County, Pecos Valley, Sangre de Cristo, United States is a Pueblo II–IV → Spanish contact (1100–1838 CE) settlement attributed to Pueblo II–IV → Spanish…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Meare Lake Village – Somerset Iron Age Fen Cluster (Pool)
Iron Age British Late (Glastonbury tradition) · Somerset Levels Iron Age Britons
300–50 BCE fen twin villages—28 Iron Age houses on Meare Pool artificial islets.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Cholpon-Ata North Petroglyph Field
Early Nomadic to Early Medieval · Saka, Wusun, Turkic (Issyk-Kul basin pastoralists)
North sector of 42-ha Cholpon-Ata lake-shore museum with Saka snow-leopard petroglyphs.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Smyrna Temple of Athena — Bayraklı (Old Smyrna)
Geometric to Archaic (Old Smyrna) · Ionian Greek (Aiolian foundation)
Bayraklı 630 BCE hekatompedon Athena with Aeolic capitals, earliest Ionian temple on Old Smyrna 8th BCE walls.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Hawikuh Pueblo (Hawikku)
Pueblo IV → Spanish contact (1200–1680 CE) · Pueblo IV → Spanish contact (1200–1680 CE)
Hawikuh Pueblo (Hawikku) in New Mexico, Cibola County, Zuni, Six Middle Villages, United States is a Pueblo IV → Spanish contact (1200–1680 CE) settlement attributed to Pueblo IV → Spanish contact…
🇸🇰 Slovakia · Fortress
Nitra
Early Medieval Slavic 770–907 (Pribina 828 → Svatopluk 870–894) · Slavic Principality of Nitra (Pribina) → Great Moravia (Svatopluk)
Nitra (Nitra Castle and Martin's Hill — Martins Hill 220 m) — Slavic princely seat of Principality of Nitra (late 8th–9th c Pribina c.828 church — first Christian church north of Danube) and Great…
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Raddusch
Early Medieval Sorbian Wendish 880–950 (6th c origin, 9th–10th peak) · Sorbian (Wendish Lusatian, *Lusici*) — Lower Sorbian Spreewald
Raddusch (Slawenburg Raddusch, Sorbian *Raduš*) — Slavic (Sorbian/Wendish) circular rampart fort (9th–10th c, with 6th c predecessor, peak Lusatian Sorbs 880–950) 10 km north Vetschau in Spreewald…
🇺🇸 United States · Tell
Kin Kletso (Yellow House / Chaco McElmo Great House)
Pueblo III (McElmo/Chacoan late, 1125–1170 CE) · Ancestral Puebloan (McElmo-Chacoan late)
Kin Kletso (Yellow House / Chaco McElmo Great House) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in New Mexico, San Juan County, Chaco Canyon, north mesa below Pueblo Alto, United States — McElmo-phase…
🇫🇷 France · Megalith
Cairn de l'Île Carn
Early Neolithic (c.4200–4000 BCE) · Armorican Early Neolithic (Barnenez tradition)
Tidal-islet stepped cairn (25 m) with three radiating passage graves — early Neolithic (c.4200 BCE) off Ploudalmézeau.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Alişar Höyük (Alişar Village Mound)
Chalcolithic through Byzantine (Chalcolithic, EBA Karum, Hittite, Phrygian, Byzantine) · Anatolian Chalcolithic → Assyrian Colony (karum) → Hittite → Phrygian
Alişar Höyük (Alişar Village Mound) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Yozgat Province, Sorgun District, Kanak Su valley, Turkey — Fortified karum-colony and Hittite administrative centre on…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Archaeological wonder
Happisburgh Footprints – Norfolk's Palaeolithic Foreshore
Lower Palaeolithic, Cromerian Complex · Homo antecessor pioneer groups at northern limits of hominin range
850,000-year Homo antecessor family footprints—152 tracks exposed for 14 days before tide erased them.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Arroyo Hondo Pueblo
Pueblo IV (1300–1425 CE) · Pueblo IV (1300–1425 CE)
Arroyo Hondo Pueblo in New Mexico, Santa Fe County, Arroyo Hondo, Sangre foothills, United States is a Pueblo IV (1300–1425 CE) settlement attributed to Pueblo IV (1300–1425 CE) culture.
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Starigard
Early Medieval Wagrian Slav 700–1168 (Obotrite Wagria) · Wagrian Slav (Obotrite–Wagria tribal; Helmold)
Starigard (Starigard Wagrien, German Oldenburg in Holstein) — Wagrian Slav princely hillfort (7th–12th c, Oldenburg/Starigard 8th c timber-earth Wallburg 120×110 m, 10 m rampart, princely hall) 5 km…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Solokha Royal Kurgan — Scythian Gold King (Lower Dnieper, Ukraine)
Scythian Classical (4th c BCE, Scytho-Greek contact) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan Greek elite network)
18-m Pontic Scythian royal hill-mound (430–400 BCE) with Greek-Scythian gold comb and 1.4-kg queen diadem.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Udayagiri Caves
Gupta Classical (Chandragupta II to Kumaragupta) 320–550 CE · Gupta
Gupta’s open-air bible — 20 sandstone caves with Varaha (402 CE) and Durga, Chandragupta II's inscriptions on Udayagiri Hill.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Akbeit Kurgan (Akmola Tasmola-Ridge Ancestor)
Tasmola (Early Saka) · Northern Tasmola network
Northern Tasmola horseshoe kurgan 55 km south of Astana: 42-m mound with 18-m mustache avenue to solstice.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Belevi Mausoleum — Ephesus Royal Tomb
Hellenistic (Lysimachus to Seleucid) · Hellenistic Macedonian-Anatolian
29-m Diadochi mausoleum 14 km NE Ephesus for Lysimachus/Antiochus II with 28 columns and griffin coffers, 301–246 BCE.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Cromlech of Xerez
Late Neolithic – Chalcolithic (c.4000–3000 BCE) · Alentejo Megalithic
Squared (7 x 7 m) Alentejo cromlech of 55 small monoliths around 4 m phallic central menhir with cupules — moved for Alqueva dam.
🇳🇦 Namibia · Rock art
Apollo 11 Cave
Later Stone Age (Upper Palaeolithic 27 ka) to Historical (27 ka–1400 CE) · San ancestors (Early LSA humans; Howieson's Poort industry)
Cave yielding 27,500 BCE portable painted plaquettes – among world's oldest art, named for 1969 moon landing excavation.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Sēlpils
Late Iron Age Selian 9th–13th c Selonia (Baltic) Livonian horizon · Selian Baltic (Sēļi) — Selonia tribe between Latgals and Semigals
Sēlpils (Selburg, Selian *Sēlija*) — Selian tribal hillfort (Late Iron Age 9th–13th c, Livonian 1208 burning, Order stone castle 1373) on Daugava right bank 15 km south Jēkabpils opposite Staburags…
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Tumulus
Tillya Tepe – Hill of Gold
Late Hellenistic to early Kushan (1st c. BCE–CE) · Yuezhi nomadic confederacy transitional to Kushan
Six 1st-c. nomadic royal graves (Yuezhi) with 21,000 gold pieces—Silk Road fusion before the Kushan empire.