🇹🇷 Turkey · Cave
Yarımburgaz Cave
Lower Palaeolithic to Middle Ages (c.400,000 BP–1400 CE) · Acheulean → Mousterian → Neolithic (Fikirtepe) → Byzantine
Bosphorus Palaeolithic twin cave (400 ka) with Acheulean and Fikirtepe burials on Küçükçekmece.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Kosak Shamali
Ubaid to Uruk (c.5500–3200 BCE; Uruk station c.3700–3200 BCE) · Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk expansion
Northernmost Uruk station (3700–3200 BCE) on Upper Euphrates with tripartite compound north of Raqqa.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tall-e Jari A
Aceramic to Bakun Neolithic (c.7000–4200 BCE; Jari horizon) · Mushki → Jari → Shamsabad → Bakun (Marvdasht Neolithic)
Marvdasht Plain Neolithic reference mound (7000–4200 BCE) with Mushki to Bakun sequence near Persepolis.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Yinxu (Anyang) - Ruins of Yin
Shang · Shang (Late)
Yinxu (Anyang) - Ruins of Yin in Henan Province, China is a Shang ancient city attributed to Shang (Late) culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1114).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Telul eth-Thalathat
Hassuna to Uruk (c.6000–3100 BCE; Halaf-Ubaid emphasis) · Hassuna → Halaf (Thalathat painted) → Ubaid → Uruk
Five-mound Halaf-Ubaid reference (6000–3100 BCE) on Wadi Khuzna south of Tel Afar.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Silbury Hill — Avebury Landscape
Late Neolithic · Late Neolithic Wessex
Largest prehistoric artificial mound in Europe (c. 2400 BCE), 39.3 m high conical chalk mound in Avebury World Heritage Site.
🇳🇱 Netherlands · Ancient village
Hazendonk Donk Settlement
Middle to Late Neolithic · Hazendonk Group / Vlaardingen
Neolithic river dune (donk) settlement Hazendonk (c. 4000–2000 BCE) on Rhine-Meuse levee, type-site for Hazendonk Group pottery.
🇳🇱 Netherlands · Ancient village
Swifterbant S3 Settlement
Middle Neolithic (Swifterbant) · Swifterbant
Swifterbant culture river dune settlement S3 (c. 4300–4000 BCE) on buried levee in former Flevoland wetland, with pottery, antler, bone and early cereal evidence.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Fort Ancient Earthworks
Hopewell 1–450 CE · Hopewell tradition
Largest hilltop enclosure: 40 ha with 67 gateways, Hopewell 1–450 CE, UNESCO 2023.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Khajuraho Group of Temples
Chandela · Chandela Rajput
Khajuraho Group of Temples in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Chandela temple complex attributed to Chandela Rajput culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 240).
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tal-i Iblis
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze (c.5000–2500 BCE; Iblis I–VI) · Yahya-related Chalcolithic → Early Bronze Kerman
Kerman Chalcolithic copper centre (5000 BCE) with earliest slag/crucibles south of Kerman.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Chagha Sefid
Ceramic Neolithic to Chalcolithic (c.6000–4000 BCE) · Ali Kosh → Chagha Sefid → Sabz → Farukh (Deh Luran Ceramic)
Deh Luran Ceramic Neolithic painted centre (6000 BCE) succeeding Ali Kosh.
🇧🇪 Belgium · Cave
Goyet Caves
Middle to Late Palaeolithic to Neolithic · Aurignacian / Gravettian / Neolithic
Network of limestone caves 15 m above Samson River near Mozet, with Aurignacian to Neolithic occupations (45,000–3000 BCE), early modern human remains, Neanderthal DNA and famous 35,000-year-old…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Tell Sotto
Hassuna to Halaf (c.6000–5000 BCE; Hassuna incubator) · Proto-Hassuna → Hassuna → Halaf Nineveh
Incubator Hassuna village (6000 BCE) with pisé round huts on Sinjar plain.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Abu Ghurab Sun Temple (Abuseir) – Userkaf & Niuserre
Old Kingdom 5th Dynasty (2494–2345 BCE) · Old Kingdom Egyptian (5th Dynasty solar cult)
Only two excavated sun temples of six built by 5th Dynasty kings, Abu Ghurab's open courts with granite obelisks (36 m) and alabaster altars (5.8 m) manifest Ra cult; Borchardt and...
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Tell Gubba
Ubaid to Jemdet Nasr (c.5500–3000 BCE) · Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic → Jemdet Nasr Hamrin
Hamrin Ubaid tripartite centre (5500 BCE) with sealings in Hamrin basin.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Allahdino
Mature Harappan (2500–1900 BCE) · Harappan (Sindh coastal facies)
Allahdino is a small mature Harappan settlement (2500–1900 BCE) on the Malir River near Karachi, a 4-ha walled village with mudbrick houses, shell bangle workshop, and the famous carnelian bead hoard…
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Ganj Dareh
Aceramic to Ceramic Neolithic (c.8200–7600 BCE) · Zagros PPN/Pottery Neolithic (Ganj Dareh horizon)
Zagros goat-domestication mound (8200 BCE) with two-storey pisé houses east of Kermanshah.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya
Mauryan to Gupta · Buddhist
Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya in Bihar, India is a Mauryan to Gupta temple complex attributed to Buddhist culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1056).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Satellite (Cult) Pyramid of Pepi II
Old Kingdom, 6th Dynasty, Pepi II Neferkare, c.2278–2184 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Cult pyramid southeast of Pepi II pyramid (c.2278 BCE, 6th Dynasty) — last great Old Kingdom pyramid complex. 15.7 m base cult pyramid documented by Jéquier (1927-32) and Leclant.
🇬🇷 Greece · Tell
Sesklo Tell
Early to Middle Neolithic · Sesklo Culture
Classic Early to Middle Neolithic tell (c. 6000–4800 BCE) near Volos, type-site of Sesklo culture with early painted pottery, megaron-like houses and fortification wall.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tall-e Gazir
Late Chalcolithic to Elamite (c.3800–1100 BCE; Uruk 3500 BCE) · Late Chalcolithic Uruk-related → Proto-Elamite → Elamite
Ramhormoz Late Chalcolithic centre (3800 BCE) with Uruk and Proto-Elamite horizon north of Ramhormoz.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Queen Mehaa
Old Kingdom, 6th Dynasty, c.2330 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Western queens row pyramid west of Pepi I, belonging to Mehaa (Mery-ankh?) wife of Pepi I, excavated by Jéquier and re-cleared by Labrousse.
🇪🇸 Spain · Cave
Cueva de Tito Bustillo
Upper Palaeolithic (Magdalenian) · Magdalenian
Major Magdalenian cave on the Sella River with 12 galleries of polychrome paintings (c. 22,000–10,000 BP), including horses, reindeer and famous anthropomorph, plus habitation deposits.