🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Toptepe
Neolithic-Chalcolithic (c.6000-3500 BCE) · Kırklareli–Karanovo to Gumelnița-Karanovo VI
Toptepe — buried neolithic-chalcolithic tell/village at Kırklareli Province.
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The catalogue
4,496 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Early Woodland Adena to Early Hopewell transition · Adena
Adena conical mound (20 ft/6 m high, 100 ft/30 m diameter) preserved in Campbell Park, Columbus — one of few surviving mounds in Ohio's capital city.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Neolithic-Chalcolithic (c.6000-3500 BCE) · Kırklareli–Karanovo to Gumelnița-Karanovo VI
Toptepe — buried neolithic-chalcolithic tell/village at Kırklareli Province.
🇮🇹 Italy · Archaeological wonder
Claim 9600 BCE (Etna 500 ka volcano) · Pseudo Sicilian / Volcanology
Pseudoarchaeology – Schulten 1927 Tartessos–Sicily Aitna (Etna) Atlantis mirror misplaces Plato's island to Sicily Etna plain; Hausmann 1990s Sicilian Atlantis.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Xinguano / Arawak
Cluster of 20+ pre-Columbian settlements in Xingu with causeways 50 m wide, plazas, reservoirs, showing dense urbanism (population 50k) in Amazon before 1492, built 800–1400 CE, described by Michael…
🇬🇭 Ghana · Ancient village
Later Stone Age Kintampo · Kintampo culture
Kintampo culture villages (2100–1400 BCE) with figurative terracotta 'cigars', ground stone axes and pioneering pearl millet + cowpea cultivation evidence (earliest in Ghana).
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Classic · Maya/Andean
Q'umarkaj — K'iche' capital with Temple of Tohil.
🇨🇴 Colombia · Megalith
San Agustín Culture · San Agustín
San Agustín Archaeological Park in Huila Department, Colombia is a San Agustín Culture megalithic attributed to San Agustín culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 744).
🇿🇲 Zambia · Archaeological wonder
Acheulean / Sangoan · Homo heidelbergensis (?) woodworking
235 m single-drop waterfall with gorge stratigraphy preserving 500–300 ka Acheulean woodwork: 476-ka interlocking logs (world's oldest wooden structure, Barham Nature 2023) and 500 ka mortised timber.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Cave
Lower Palaeolithic to Middle Ages (c.400,000 BP–1400 CE) · Acheulean → Mousterian → Neolithic (Fikirtepe) → Byzantine
Bosphorus Palaeolithic twin cave (400 ka) with Acheulean and Fikirtepe burials on Küçükçekmece.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
PPNA (c.9300–8600 BCE) · Sultaniyean PPNA
PPNA village (c.9300–8600 BCE) on the Lisan Peninsula at -200 m beside the Dead Sea, excavated by Bill Finlayson. Rectan...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Ubaid to Uruk (c.5500–3200 BCE; Uruk station c.3700–3200 BCE) · Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk expansion
Northernmost Uruk station (3700–3200 BCE) on Upper Euphrates with tripartite compound north of Raqqa.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Aceramic to Bakun Neolithic (c.7000–4200 BCE; Jari horizon) · Mushki → Jari → Shamsabad → Bakun (Marvdasht Neolithic)
Marvdasht Plain Neolithic reference mound (7000–4200 BCE) with Mushki to Bakun sequence near Persepolis.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
PPN to Iron Age (c.7800 BCE–600 BCE; Neolithic foundational) · PPN → Neolithic → Chalcolithic → Bronze-Iron Bekaa
Bekaa spring mound (7800 BCE–600 BCE) with PPN plaster horizon under Bronze tell near Zahle.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Shang · Shang (Late)
Yinxu (Anyang) - Ruins of Yin in Henan Province, China is a Shang ancient city attributed to Shang (Late) culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1114).
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Late Medieval / Tuareg / Songhai · Tuareg (Kel Air) / Songhai tributary
Paired Saharan stations: Agadez (c.1400 Tuareg sultanate capital with 27 m mudbrick minaret) and medieval Takedda copper industrial estate (14th c, Ibn Battuta 1353: 'copper mine of Takadda') 150 km…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Songhai-Kebbi to Sokoto (1515–1831) · Kebbi / Songhai / Fulani
Kebbi Empire capital (1515) with 9 km walls and Kanta palace mound.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Greek to Islamic (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman / Byzantine / Islamic
Pentapolis metropolis at Derna with harbour moles and layered cathedral-mosque.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Terminal Classic Puuc 800–1050 CE · Maya (Puuc)
Huntichmul East Complex north of Puuc Route: 70 m long vaulted palace with Puuc junquillo columns, sacbe linking to Sayil Group 2 km west. Mapped by Pollock 1980; 8 mounds remain unexcavated.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Phoenician to Late Antique (7th c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Mauri
Punic-Roman cape town beneath Melilla with dye vats and tophet.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Hassuna to Uruk (c.6000–3100 BCE; Halaf-Ubaid emphasis) · Hassuna → Halaf (Thalathat painted) → Ubaid → Uruk
Five-mound Halaf-Ubaid reference (6000–3100 BCE) on Wadi Khuzna south of Tel Afar.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Uruk/Jemdet Nasr (c.3500–3000 BCE) · South Mesopotamian Uruk colonial
Classic Late Uruk colony (c.3500–3000 BCE) on the Euphrates, 18 ha walled town with tripartite temples, administrative t...
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Hassuna to Islamic (c.6200 BCE–1200 CE; archive Late Bronze c.1800 BCE) · Hassuna → Halaf → Ubaid → MBA Shamshera kingdom → Islamic
Dokan MBA palace mound with 150-tablet Shamshera kingdom archive (1800 BCE) on Lower Zab.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Roman to Byzantine (1st BCE – 6th CE) · Roman / Greek
Verified – Roman maritime villa complex 1–2 m under Palaia Epidavros bay (Epidaurus sanctuary port). Villa maritima with mosaics, baths, fish tanks, moles 100 m at 1–2 m due to +1 m Roman rise.
🇨🇩 Congo (DRC) · Rock art
Later Stone Age · Rainforest foragers (pre-Bantu)
10 m stratified rainforest sequence proving equatorial forest foraging since 40 ka (charcoal, palm nuts, phytoliths, toolkit).
