🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
La Pasiega Cave
Middle Paleolithic to Magdalenian ~64–11 ka BP · Neanderthal and later Solutrean/Magdalenian
Monte Castillo cave with 64 ka Neanderthal ladder motif and 700 parietal figures.
🇷🇴 Romania · Ancient village
Hăbășești Cucuteni Settlement
Chalcolithic Cucuteni A (c.4500–4000 BCE) · Cucuteni–Trypillia (Cucuteni A)
Type site for Cucuteni A excavated by Vl. Dumitrescu 1937–38, a 2 ha fortified village on a promontory with ditch and palisade enclosing ca.30–40 burned houses.
🇵🇱 Poland · Fortified settlement
Wiślica Early Medieval Stronghold
Great Moravian to Piast (9th–12th century) · Vistulan / Piast Poland
Vistulan tribal hillfort and Piast stronghold at Wiślica on Nida (4 ha) with massive 9th c baptismal basin (4.5 m oval plastered tub debated as Great Moravian Methodius mission 880) under later…
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Sicca Veneria (El Kef) – Numidian Cult Citadel
Numidian / Punic / Roman / Byzantine · Numidian / Roman
Cliff-top Venus cult city of Numidia–Rome, now kasbah-crowned El Kef.
🇷🇴 Romania · Ancient village
Scânteia Cucuteni Settlement
Cucuteni A (c.4600–4200 BCE) · Cucuteni–Trypillia
Large Cucuteni A settlement of ~30 ha on the Larga Jijia promontory at Scânteia, excavated by C.-M. Mantu 1985–present.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Taşlı Tepe
PPNA · Taş Tepeler PPN
Tektek ridge domestic-ritual village showing everyday life behind Göbekli's monuments.
🇸🇰 Slovakia · Temple complex
Kopčany St. Margaret's Church
Great Moravian (late 9th century, c.850–900) · Great Moravian Slavic
The oldest standing church in Slovakia (and possibly in Central Europe north of Danube) — small pre-Romanesque St. Margaret at Kopčany on the Morava floodplain opposite Mikulčice (5 km).
🇵🇪 Peru · Rock art
El Ingenio Petroglyphs
Paracas to Early Nazca ~800 BCE–400 CE · Paracas–Nazca
Nazca-basin boulder petroglyphs bridging Paracas trophy-head art to Nazca geoglyphs.
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Isaiia Precucuteni–Cucuteni Settlement
Precucuteni III – Cucuteni A (c.4800–4300 BCE) · Precucuteni–Cucuteni
Key transition tell at Isaiia–Balta Popii on a low terrace of the Jijia, with 6 m Precucuteni III → Cucuteni A sequence excavated by N. Ursulescu since 1996.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Paracas Candelabra
Early Horizon, Paracas culture 200 BCE–100 BCE · Paracas culture, precursor to Nazca
181-m trident/cactus cut into coastal hill facing Pacific as sailors beacon.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Koknese Castle
Medieval (1205–1701) · Latgalian then Livonian Order
Episcopal stone castle at Koknese island fortress at confluence of Daugava and Pērse (Latgalian hillfort predecessor Kukonoyse), founded 1205 by Bishop Albert after grant by King Vetseke of Koknese,…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
East Kennet Long Barrow
Early Neolithic · Cotswold-Severn
Unexcavated long barrow southeast of Silbury Hill, 100 m longest in Avebury group, landmark within WHS.
🇴🇲 Oman · Hydraulic works
Wadi Shab Aflaj System
Iron Age to Islamic ~500 BCE–1000 CE · Omani (Sassanian overlay)
Emerald-pool wadi terraces fed by swim-through aflaj tunnels on Oman Gulf coast.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Archaeological wonder
Xlapak
Maya Late Classic Puuc 600–900 CE · Maya (Puuc Chenes)
Puuc mosaic palace with stacked Chaac masks, 600–900 CE.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Tērvete Hillfort
Iron Age to 1286 CE (Semigallian) · Semigallian
Zemgale's greatest Semigallian hillfort complex at Tērvete — three hillforts (Wooden Castle Hill 35 m, Swede Hill, Kloster Hill) plus 1000+ barrow cemetery.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Hillfort
Libice nad Cidlinou Slavník Stronghold
Early Medieval (9th–995 CE) · Slavník / Přemyslid Bohemia
Great Slavník hillfort capital at Libice (Libice nad Cidlinou) on Elbe–Cidlina confluence (25 ha inner 10 ha) with triple ramparts (7 m high, 40 m base), stone church and palace hall.
🇷🇴 Romania · Ancient village
Ruginoasa–Dealul Drăghici Cucuteni Palace
Cucuteni A–B (c.4200–3800 BCE) · Cucuteni–Trypillia
Famous 'palace' at Ruginoasa–Dealul Drăghici, a 32×16 m Cucuteni A3 burned building with timber lacing, painted floors and 2-storey interpretation, excavated by H. Dumitrescu.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Hillfort
Motronyn Hillfort
Scythian (7th–4th century BCE, peak 500 BCE) · Scythian Forest-Steppe
Massive Scythian hillfort (205 ha) deep in Kholodnyi Yar oak forest near Chyhyryn, with massive earthen ramparts 8 m high enclosing sacred settlement and cemetery. Excavated by M.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Hillfort
Nonnebakken Viking Ringfort (Odense)
Viking Age (c.980 CE) · Danish Viking Age
Viking ringfort beneath Odense's former castle at Nonnebakken (Nuns' Hill), 120 m diameter with 13 m wide turf rampart, discovered by C14 and magnetometry under Odinstårnet lot.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Hillfort
Levý Hradec Přemyslid Stronghold
Early Medieval (c.882–955) · Přemyslid Bohemia (Great Moravian echo)
Earliest Přemyslid stronghold (Levý Hradec) on Vltava promontory at Roztoky 10 km north of Prague — circular rampart 100×80 m, wooden hall and the 884 St.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Geoglyph
Sajama Lines
Formative to Imperial, 900 BCE–1500 CE active; origins possibly 1500 BCE · Aymara and pre-Aymara Andean; later Tiwanaku-Inca incorporation
Largest line network on Earth - 16,000 km of sacred Aymara pilgrimage lines.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Uherské Hradiště–Sady Great Moravian Centre
Great Moravian (9th–early 10th century) · Great Moravian Slavic
Great Moravian church and settlement complex on Sady hill (210 m) above Morava — cruciform church with narthex (c.830), cemetery 86 graves with gold earrings, and adjoining settlement.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Hillfort
Stará Kouřim Hillfort
Early Medieval (9th–early 12th century) · Zličan / Přemyslid
Prominent Zličan tribal hillfort at Stará Kouřim (44 ha plateau with double ramparts, gate complex) above Kouřim valley 50 km east Prague, mentioned in Dalimil Chronicle.
🇲🇩 Moldova · Ancient village
Stolniceni Cucuteni–Trypillia Settlement
Cucuteni B1/Trypillia BII (c.4050–3800 BCE) · Cucuteni–Trypillia
8 ha Cucuteni B1 fortified promontory at Stolniceni–Cetate (Stolniceni I) on the Cubolta meander, with ditch-palisade and 50+ burned houses in oval. Excavations by V.