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150 places in the atlas, 4 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Dynastic – Akkadian (2600–2200 BCE) · Early Dynastic–Akkadian
Early Dynastic – Akkadian (2600–2200 BCE) tell of Early Dynastic–Akkadian in Raqqa Governorate, Lake Assad (c.2600 BCE).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Old Babylonian to Neo-Assyrian (2000–600 BCE) · Amorite–Mitanni
Old Babylonian to Neo-Assyrian (2000–600 BCE) tell of Amorite–Mitanni in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Middle Euphrates (c.2000 BCE).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early to Middle Bronze (3100–1600 BCE; peak EBA III 2500–2200 BCE) · Middle Euphrates Early Bronze (EJ) → Middle Bronze Amorite
Sweyhat embayment EBA city with 180-grave shaft cemetery and donkey sacrifices before Lake Assad.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze II (3400–2600 BCE; Ninevite 5) · North Mesopotamian Ninevite 5 (Khabur) → EJ 2
Khabur granary acropolis with 200+ beehive silos — Early Bronze dry-farming surplus hub.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EB IV to Byzantine (c.2400 BCE–600 CE; peak Iron II) · Eblaite → Amorite → Hittite/Mitanni → Neo-Hittite/Aramaean
Aramaean Hatarikka with alphabetic stele and Iron Age gate sphinxes atop 28 ha tell near Idlib.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Uruk to Early Dynastic I–II (3500–2500 BCE) · North Mesopotamian Uruk → Early Bronze (EJ 1–2)
Euphrates levee town with Uruk planned lower town and EB fortification beside Habuba.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Middle Bronze Age to Late Antiquity (c.1800 BCE–300 CE), peak Assyrian 800–600 BCE · Mitanni → Middle/Neo-Assyrian → Parthian
Lower Khabur Assyrian capital 55 ha (600 tablets, Red House archive, canal) 70 km NE Deir ez-Zor.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Iron Age Neo-Assyrian · Aramaean Hadatu → Assyrian province
Assyrian provincial Hadatu with 2.5 km walls, 11 lion gates and Phoenician ivory hoard.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Iron Age (c. 2500 – 1200 BCE) · Amorite / Mitanni / Egyptian / Hittite / Sea Peoples
Orontes ford harbour of Ramses vs Hittites – quay 30 m silted 200 m east of battle tell.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Late Uruk (LC5) southern colony · Uruk (southern Mesopotamian)
Uruk planned colonial city (c.3500–3300 BCE, LC5, contemporary with Jemdet Nasr south) on Euphrates terrace — mother colony that proved Uruk expansion: fully gridded 18-ha walled town built ex novo…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ubaid to Late Chalcolithic / Early Bronze (c.4500–3200 BCE; urban peak LC2 c.3700 BCE) · North Mesopotamian LC indigenous → confronts Late Uruk expansion
13 ha fortified pre-Uruk northern city with eye-idol temple destroyed by Uruk sling-blitz.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Old Babylonian (Ebla to Hammurabi) · Semitic Ebla-Mari–Akkadian world, Dagan cult
Holy city of god Dagan at Euphrates-Balikh mouth, tell Bi'a = Early Dynastic Tuttul (c.2600–1700 BCE) where Ebla tablets locate Dagan's oracle and Sargon of Akkad stopped for blessing.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Halaf Late Neolithic (Ubaid predecessor) to Iron Age Neo-Hittite Aramaean · Halaf painted ware → Aramaean Syro-Hittite (Kapara, Bit Bahiani)
Double-significance mound: type-site of Halaf culture Late Neolithic mass-produced painted pottery (c.6100–5400 BCE) that spread from Zagros to Mediterranean — defined 1911 by Oppenheim/ Schmidt; and…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mitanni to Neo-Assyrian (c. 1500 – 600 BCE) · Mitanni / Middle Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian
Khabur river provincial port – quay 60 m and lower town harbour basin 100×60 m silted east of tell.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze Jezirah 0–III (Chalcolithic to Early Dyn to Akkadian) · North Mesopotamian Jezirah (Ebla-Mari world)
Circular double-walled Early Bronze city (c.3400–2200 BCE, EJ 0–III) in 130mm rainfall steppe — proof Jezirah cities flourished without southern irrigation via dry-farming + wadi runoff.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Late Uruk (LC5) · Uruk colony cult centre
Uruk hill-citadel (c.3500–3300 BCE) perched 160 m above Euphrates on limestone jebel opposite Habuba — sacred twin controlling Uruk colony from above.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Late Bronze (c. 2500 – 1340 BCE) · Amorite / Yamhad / Mitanni / Hittite
Amorite canal palace city – 120×60 m Royal Palace and harbour canal 80×40 m silted west of palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (c.3000–600 BCE) · Amorite → Hittite–Egyptian frontier → Iron Age Aramaean
Qadesh/Kadesh Orontes city 33 ha (1274 BCE Battle of Kadesh battlefield, double walls) SW of Homs.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Middle Bronze Age to Roman (c.1800 BCE–200 CE), peak Iron Age–Assyrian · Hittite → Neo-Hittite Luwian → Neo-Assyrian
Euphrates terrace city 35 ha (Hittite Masuwari → Assyrian Til Barsip, D-shaped walls, Hypogeum).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Hellenistic-Parthian-Roman · Seleucid → Parthian → Roman
Macedonian-Euphrates cliff city (303 BCE–256 CE) called 'Pompeii of the Desert' — garrison of Parthian-Roman frontier buried under a Roman siege embankment that preserved the world's earliest…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age Ej II–IVa (Jezirah Early Dynastic to Akkadian) · North Mesopotamian Kish tradition, Semitic (Nabada Akkadian)
Circular walled 3rd-millennium city Nabada (c.2900–2200 BCE, Early Jezirah III), 28 ha upper town + lower town 20 ha, centre of western Jezirah after Tell Brak.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Mitanni to Assyrian to Parthian · Hurrian Mitanni → Middle Assyrian
Stratified Jezirah tell Kahat (c.3000 BCE–1400 CE, peak Mitanni capital c.1500–1360 BCE and Assyrian Kahat) on Jaghjagh mid-Khabur.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Neolithic to Late Bronze collapse 1190 BCE · Ugaritic Semitic (Amorite-Canaanite) under Hittite-Egyptian influence
Late Bronze cosmopolitan port (c.6000 BCE Neolithic to 1190 BCE destruction) on the Mediterranean, capital of the Kingdom of Ugarit (c.1450–1190 BCE) with cuneiform alphabetic tablets (world's first…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Bronze Age III–IV (c.2600–2000 BCE) · Southern Syria EB (Ghouta palace culture)
Ghouta EB palace 8 ha (c.2600–2000 BCE, wall paintings, double enceinte) 18 km SE Damascus.
