🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Pupput
Punic to Islamic (6th c BCE–9th c CE; peak 2nd–4th c) · Punic / Roman / Early Christian / Byzantine
1.2-ha rescue site under Hammamet with 3000+ tombs, House of Horses mosaics and Commodan colonia remains.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Patara – Silted Harbour of the Lycian League Port
Iron Age Lycian to Byzantine (800 BCE – 700 CE) · Lycian / Greek / Roman / Byzantine
Capital port of Lycia — 64 CE Neronian lighthouse and Hadrian granary beside 400 m harbour now 600 m inland behind dunes.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Ulug-Depe
Jeitun (6000) → Anau–Namazga (4500–1800) → BMAC → Achaemenid–Parthian 500 BCE–300 CE · Kopet oasis continuous (Jeitun → BMAC → Persian)
Longest-lived oasis tell in southern Turkmenistan (c.6000 BCE–Medieval) at Dushak north of Kaahka — 15 ha mound 32 m high with continuous 8000-year stratigraphy excavated since 2001 by Olivier…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Iassos Agora Temple of Artemis Astias
Archaic to Roman · Ionian, Carian, Hellenistic
Kıyıkışlacık peninsula agora tetrastyle Artemis Astias 150 BCE with Roman mausoleum, Iassic Gulf fishing town.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Simitthus (Chemtou)
Numidian to Byzantine (5th c BCE-7th c CE; peak 1st-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Giallo antico marble capital with imperial quarries.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Acemhöyük (Purushanda?)
Early Bronze III to Iron Age (c.2600–600 BCE; peak OA period) · Assyrian Colony/Old Hittite/Middle Bronze Anatolian
Massive Old Assyrian palace mound at Yeşilova with twin burnt palaces, bulla archives and Purushanda identification.
🇭🇳 Honduras · Ancient city
Copán
Classic 426–822 CE (dynastic Copán, peak 695–820) · Maya (southeast Petén sphere, Copán kingdom, non-Maya frontier)
Premier Classic southeastern Maya capital and sculpture capital: Acropolis with 4,500 glyph Hierarchical Stairway (longest Classic Maya text – 72 steps, 2,200 glyphs recording 14 kings), Rosalila…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Iasos – Submerged Agora Harbour of Caria
Archaic to Byzantine (800 BCE – 700 CE) · Argive Greek / Carian / Hellenistic / Roman
Carian fishopolis — 120 m agora stoa now −3 m under Güllük Gulf with red marble quarries and isthmus lagoon.
🇺🇦 Ukraine / Russia (disputed) · Submerged site
Akra – The Fully Submerged Bosporan City at Cape Takyl
Archaic to Late Roman (c.560 BCE – 4th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Crimean Atlantis — intact classical street grid and double walls at 3–7 m deep off Cape Takyl, the only wholly underwater Bosporan town.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Karkemish
Late Bronze Age to Iron Age (c.1400–717 BCE) with Neolithic–Medieval overburden · Hittite viceregal → Neo-Hittite Luwian/Aramaean
Syro-Hittite capital on Euphrates (90 ha twin-mound, basalt orthostats, Storm-God reliefs) at Turkey–Syria border.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Sbeitla (Sufetula)
Roman to Early Islamic (Flavian to 7th c; peak 2nd–5th c) · Roman / Berber / Byzantine
Mid-steppe Roman-Byzantine city with triple Capitol temples, olive-press quarter and five Byzantine basilicas.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Jinsha Archaeological Site
Shu Late Bronze 1200–500 BCE · Shu–Sichuan Basin (successor to Sanxingdui)
Late Bronze Age ritual centre (1200–500 BCE) on Modi River at Chengdu, successor to Sanxingdui after its abrupt collapse c.1200 BCE, preserving elite sacrificial pits, gold foil sun-bird foil (now…
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient village
Tongo Maaré Diabal
Iron Age to Medieval (350 BCE–1150 CE) · Soninke / Ghana sphere (Mema)
12-ha isolated 11-m tell 350 BCE–1150 CE in Mema with 2.5-m wall and copper jewellery horizon.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Dokki Gel Sacred City — Kerma South
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom, c.2500-1500 BCE (Kerma–Egyptian) · Kerma (Kushite)
Dokki Gel sacred city 1 km south of Kerma (Ancient Dukki Gel): massive ceremonial city of Classic Kerma kingdom (2500-1500 BCE) with four successive cruciform palatial enclosures, each 100×100 m,…
🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city
Caracol
Preclassic 1200 BCE–900 CE (peak Late Classic 562–680, Star-War defeat of Tikal) · Maya (Classic lowland; ally of Calakmul vs Tikal; later independent kingdom Uxwitzá)
Largest Maya city in Belize and greater Tikal rival: 200 km² settlement (70 sq mi mapped), Caana (“Sky Palace”) pyramid 43 m high – tallest man-made structure in Belize – with corner palaces, 160+…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Aigai Temple of Athena — Manisa Yunt Dağ
Archaic to Roman · Aiolian Greek, Hellenistic Attalid
Yunt Dağ 400-m Aiolian Athena 300 BCE terrace with 3-storey stoa and agora, 12 Aiolian League wool city.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Hierakonpolis (Nekhen)
Predynastic to Old Kingdom (Naqada I–III to 2686 BCE; peak Naqada III) · Egyptian (Predynastic Naqada II–III / Early Dynastic)
Predynastic megacity 3500 BCE 5 ha yielding Narmer Palette, earliest 12 m mudbrick fort, HK6 elephant burial and painted Tomb 100.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Pero-nakhet (Abu Billah) – Delta Emporion of the Canopic Coast
Bronze Age to Hellenistic (1570 – 300 BCE) · Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian / Late Period
15th c. BCE Thutmose III naval arsenal town on Canopic delta sandbar — quay now –1.5 to –3 m under Idku lagoon fish farms.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sijilmassa
Early Islamic to Medieval (757–1393 CE; peak 10th–14th c CE) · Berber Miknasa / Islamic / Maliki
Gold-mint entrepôt Sijilmassa on Trans-Saharan Ghana road south of Rissani.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Mactaris (Makthar)
Numidian to Byzantine (8th c BCE-10th c CE; peak 2nd-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Highland city with dolmens and schola.
🇺🇦 Ukraine / Russia (disputed) · Ancient city
Panticapaeum – Bosporan Acropolis on Mount Mithridat
Milesian Greek to Late Roman (600 BCE – 370 CE; Byzantine reoccup. 6th c.) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan Scythian / Mithridatic Pontic / Roman
Bosporan Kingdom capital on Mount Mithridat — acropolis above with harbour terraces now 1–3 m under Kerch Strait.
🇬🇪 Georgia · Submerged site
Pichvnari – Colchian Submerged Settlement near Kobuleti
Colchian Early Iron to Hellenistic (c. 6th – 2nd c. BCE) · Colchian / East Greek Milesian
Colchian dunes village and Greek emporion — timber quay –1 to –3 m in surf and 300-grave cemetery 120 m reclaimed by sea since 5th c. BCE.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Neapolis (Nabeul)
Punic to Byzantine (5th c BCE–7th c CE; garum peak 1st–3rd c) · Punic / Roman / Byzantine
20-ha partly submerged garum metropolis with 80 cetariae and tsunami-drowned waterfront since 365 CE.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Thamusida (Sidi Ali ben Ahmed)
Phoenician to Islamic (6th c BCE–8th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Mauri / Roman
River limes fort Thamusida with Praetorium frescoes and cohors II Syrorum camp.