🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Germa (Garama) - Garamantian Capital
Iron Age Saharan to Islamic (900 BCE–600 CE) · Garamantian (Saharan Berber)
6-ha foggara-irrigated Garamantian capital with 500 qanat and 250 tombs in Fezzan heartland.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Ancient city
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Southern Extension
Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) · Kindah
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Southern Extension in Riyadh, Wadi al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia is a Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) ancient city attributed to Kindah.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Tel Kabri Palace Storage Annex West — Western Terrace
Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BCE) · Canaanite
Tel Kabri Palace Storage Annex West — Western Terrace in Galilee, Western Galilee, Israel is a Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BCE) ancient city attributed to Canaanite.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Tripuri
Chalcolithic → NBPW 600 BCE → Gupta 350–550 CE → Kalachuri 850–1300 CE · Kalachuri-Chedi
Narmada capital Tripuri at Tewar — 16 m Chalcolithic to Kalachuri–Chedi temple city (Haihayas, 1042 inscr.).
🇳🇴 Norway · Ancient city
Kaupang Viking Town — Skiringssal, Vestfold
Viking Age (early, c.800–980 CE) · Viking Norse (Yngling/Danish sphere)
Kaupang in Skiringssal (c.800–930 CE) was Norway's first urban trading center, a 54-hectare seasonal and permanent emporium on the sheltered Viksfjord beach at the head of the Skagerrak.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Musti (Mustis)
Punic to Late Antiquity (4th c BCE–7th c CE; peak 2nd–3rd c CE) · Punic-Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
15-ha Punic–Numidian to Roman colonia on Carthage–Theveste road with three arches and Byzantine fortress.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortified city
Anavarza (Anazarbus) and Castle
Hellenistic to medieval (c.100 BCE–1375 CE) · Cappadocian → Roman → Byzantine → Armenian → Mamluk
Cilician metropolis beneath triple-ward Armenian castle on limestone ridge with stadium and triumphal arch.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Herakleia ad Latmos — Athena Temple on Granos Hill
Hellenistic · Hekatomnid Carian, Hellenistic
Lake Bafa gneiss city with 6.5-km Hellenistic walls and 3rd BCE Athena temple above Endymion grotto.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Pantikapaion — Mithridates Harbour North Mole (Kerch Bay) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
North mole of Bosporan capital Pantikapaion at Kerch Bay — 140 m ashlar-concrete mole at –2 m.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Pumapungo – Tomebamba
Late Horizon Inca (c.1470–1532 CE) – Cañari antecedents · Inca (Tupaq Yupanki – Wayna Qhapaq) over Cañari
Pumapungo is the Inca palace-garden quarter of Tomebamba, Wayna Qhapaq's planned northern capital in modern Cuenca at 2,550 m.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Ancient city
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Eastern Outlier
Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) · Kindah
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Eastern Outlier in Riyadh, Wadi al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia is a Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) ancient city attributed to Kindah.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Northern Annex
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Northern Annex in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Western Terrace
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Western Terrace in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib South Sluice & Southern Oasis Canal (Jannat al-Janub)
Sabaean to Himyarite (7th c BCE–6th c CE) · Sabaean / Himyarite
South sluice of Great Dam of Ma'rib (7th c BCE–575 CE) — 18-m limestone control for the grand southern oasis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Mersa Gawasis — 12th Dynasty Southern Anchorage at Mersa South (Saww South)
Middle Kingdom (2000 – 1650 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Southern 12th dynasty anchorage of Mersa Gawasis — slipway 80 m at –1 m with copper workshop 6 m behind reef bar.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Mersa Gawasis — 12th Dynasty Southern Anchorage at Mersa South (Saww South) — v2
Middle Kingdom (2000 – 1650 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Southern 12th dynasty anchorage of Mersa Gawasis — slipway 80 m at –1 m with copper workshop 6 m behind reef bar.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Ancient city
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Northern Annex
Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) · Kindah
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Northern Annex in Riyadh, Wadi al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia is a Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) ancient city attributed to Kindah.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Ancient city
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Western Terrace
Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) · Kindah
Qaryat al-Faw Market Street East Annex — Western Terrace in Riyadh, Wadi al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia is a Classical (300 BCE-300 CE) ancient city attributed to Kindah.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Ancient city
Castro of Vila Nova de São Pedro
Chalcolithic (c.3000–2000 BCE) · Vila Nova de São Pedro (Iberian Chalcolithic / Bell Beaker)
Iberian Chalcolithic type-site (3000–2000 BCE) — three-walled fortified settlement with bastions and copper workshop on Tagus plain.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Eastern Harbour of Alexandria – Pharos Debris & Caesareum Quays
331 BCE – Medieval (331 BCE – 1422 CE harbour active) · Ptolemaic/Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Alexandria's Portus Magnus — twin harbour, Heptastadion mole and 3500 fallen Pharos blocks 4–12 m down in Eastern Harbour.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Adam
Vidarbha Iron Age 800–300 BCE → Maurya 300–187 → Satavahana 187 BCE–220 CE → Vakataka 250–300 CE · Vidarbha megalithic–Iron (Black-and-red) → Satavahana
Vidarbha Iron Age iron-smelting town (800 BCE–300 CE) near Nagpur — earliest tuyere smelting and Indo-Roman rouletted ware with 22 coin hoards.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Bakchias — Kom el-Atl Buried Settlement at Fayum Central (Umm el-Atl)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (270 BCE – 300 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
Central Fayum vineyard port Bakchias 1–2 m buried at Kom el-Atl — Soknobkonneus temple at –1 m and wine press.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Bakchias — Kom el-Atl Buried Settlement at Fayum Central (Umm el-Atl) — v2
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (270 BCE – 300 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
Central Fayum vineyard port Bakchias 1–2 m buried at Kom el-Atl — Soknobkonneus temple at –1 m and wine press.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Jaffa (Tel Yafo) – Ancient Harbour of the Andromeda Reef
Middle Bronze to Ottoman (c. 1800 BCE – 1917 CE) · Canaanite / Egyptian / Phoenician / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader / Ottoman
Biblical reef harbour of Andromeda – Byzantine seawall and Ottoman jetty 1–5 m down in Andromeda Reef gap.