🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Moxos – Casarabe Culture Monuments
Late Intermediate, Casarabe culture · Casarabe (Moxos) savanna farmers
1,000 km of causeways + 147 forest-island cities (500–1400 CE) in seasonally flooded Beni savanna.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Shijiahe
Qujialing → Shijiahe 2600–2300 BCE (Jianghan Late Neolithic) → Meishan · Shijiahe culture (Middle Yangzi walled city)
Jianghan Plain walled mega-town (c.3000–2300 BCE, Shijiahe culture 2600–2300 BCE climax) northwest of Tianmen — 120 ha walled enclosure (1.2 km wall of rammed earth, moat) with inner palace 7 ha,…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Temple of Zeus Lepsynos at Euromos
Hellenistic to Antonine (Mylasan Karia) · Carian Greek (Mylasa sphere, later Roman)
Carian olive-grove Corinthian 6×11 with 16 columns upright to architrave, dedication to Zeus Lepsynos.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Meydancıkkale (Kirshu)
Iron Age to Hellenistic (c.800–100 BCE) · Neo-Assyrian → Neo-Babylonian → Achaemenid
Babylonian-Persian mountain fortress Kirshu on Taurus spur with palace terraces and 30 m tunnel.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Toniná
Classic – Early Postclassic (c.100–900 CE) Western Maya frontier, Tzeltal Popo · Maya (Western Tzeltal – Popo dynasty)
Toniná (Tzeltal Popo, house of stone) dominates the Jataté tributary ridge 13 km east of Ocosingo, Chiapas, at 860 m, forming the most dramatic Maya acropolis: seven stepped terraces climb 71 m above…
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Temple complex
Banteay Chhmar Temple
Angkorian Bayon period 1181–1218 CE (Mahayana Buddhist imperial) · Khmer (Angkorian Mahayana Buddhist)
Vast Jayavarman VII Buddhist–Hindu temple city (c.1181–1218 CE) in Banteay Meanchey — 9 km² walled complex (outer laterite wall 1.9×1.7 km) enclosing 4.6 ha central temple with enigmatic Bayon-style…
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Kepoi — Southern Ashlar Quay in Taman Gulf
Archaic to Medieval (580 BCE – 400 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Southern ashlar harbour of Kepoi — 40 m ashlar quay at 2–4 m in Taman Gulf with warehouse behind.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Southern Extension
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Southern Extension in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Southern Extension
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Southern Extension in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Zea and Munichia – Athenian War Harbours of Piraeus
Archaic to Hellenistic (493 BCE – 86 BCE Sulla siege) · Classical Athenian
Themistoclean war harbours where 196 trireme sheds launched the fleet of Salamis — slipways still under 6–8 m harbour water.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Abdera — Submerged Archaic Harbour at Avdira (Thrace Bulustra)
Archaic to Hellenistic (656 BCE – 200 BCE) · Clazomenian / Teian Ionian Greek
Clazomenian Archaic harbour of Abdera at Bulustra lagoon — 90 m mole at –2 m and walls 400 m, Thrace intelektual port.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Abdera — Submerged Archaic Harbour at Avdira (Thrace Bulustra) — v2
Archaic to Hellenistic (656 BCE – 200 BCE) · Clazomenian / Teian Ionian Greek
Clazomenian Archaic harbour of Abdera at Bulustra lagoon — 90 m mole at –2 m and walls 400 m, Thrace intelektual port.
🇬🇪 Georgia · Submerged site
Dioscurias–Sebastopolis – Milesian Twin Harbour under Sukhumi Bay
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Milesian Greek / Colchian / Roman
Milesian colony 6th c. BCE now –5 to –9 m under Sukhumi Bay — 400-m Hellenistic mole and Roman fortress half under sea promenade.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient city
Kilmartin Glen Nether Largie Standing Stone Pair
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Kilmartin Glen Nether Largie Standing Stone Pair in Argyll and Bute, Kilmartin, United Kingdom is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Eastern Outlier
Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) · Los Millares Culture
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Eastern Outlier in Andalusia, Almeria, Spain is a Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) ancient city attributed to Los Millares Culture.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Southern Extension
Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) · Los Millares Culture
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Southern Extension in Andalusia, Almeria, Spain is a Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) ancient city attributed to Los Millares Culture.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Southern Extension
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Southern Extension in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Hadrumetum (Sousse)
Phoenician to Ottoman (1100 BCE–16th c; peak 2nd–4th c) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Early Christian / Islamic
Phoenician-tradition colonia under Sousse medina with 5.5 km catacombs, Virgil mosaic and Byzantine kasbah.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Ancient city
Metsamor Fortress Citadel North Bastion
Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BCE) · Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes
Metsamor Fortress Citadel North Bastion in Armavir Province, Armenia is a Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
El Mirador
Middle Preclassic to Early Classic (600 BCE – 150 CE) · Maya (Mirador Basin)
El Mirador in Petén, Guatemala is a Middle Preclassic to Early Classic (600 BCE – 150 CE) ancient city attributed to Maya (Mirador Basin) culture.
🇬🇷 Greece · Buried city
Helike — Bouras Plain Borehole Submerged City (Gulf of Corinth)
Early Bronze to Classical (c.2600 – 373 BCE) · Achaean Greek
373 BCE tsunami-lost Helike — Classical city and EBA settlement both buried 3 m under Bouras lagoonal marine silt 60 m inland, originally submerged.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Western Terrace
Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) · Los Millares Culture
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Western Terrace in Andalusia, Almeria, Spain is a Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) ancient city attributed to Los Millares Culture.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Northern Annex
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Northern Annex in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Rhinocolura (El-Arish) – Submerged Pelusian Harbour of the Sinai Gates
New Kingdom to Roman (c. 1500 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian New Kingdom / Philistine / Ptolemaic / Roman
Sinai gate lagoon harbour – Bardawil quay walls and fish-salting vats at –1 m guarding Via Maris.