🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Headless Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty, ~2422 BCE (or First Intermediate 10th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
Headless Pyramid (Lepsius XXIX) east of Teti at Saqqara, c.2422 BCE Menkauhor?, 52.5 m base, rubble mound.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Sinai Nawamis Road (Route of the Nawamis — Serabit to Ain Huderah)
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze I (Ghassulian–Arad, Maadi–Buto) · Sinai–Negev Chalcolithic (Ghassulian, South Sinai pastoral)
25-km Sinai nawamis beehive road (3800–3200 BCE) with 15 mustatil-like platforms linking coast to Serabit mines.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Kossaima (Kusseima) Sinai Kite Field (North Sinai, Egypt)
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze I (Timnian–Beersheva) · Sinai–Negev Late Neolithic (Timnian, Ghassulian)
20 Sinai gateway kites (arms 60–140 m) funneling Ibex through Kossaima Pass — navamis-associated.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Layer Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2645 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Unfinished layer pyramid of Khaba at Zawiyet el-Aryan (c.2645 BCE), 84 m base, accretion-layer technique.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Mazghuna North Pyramid
Middle Kingdom, 12th–13th Dynasty, ~1800 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Northern Mazghuna mudbrick pyramid, Dahshur south (c.1800 BCE), 52.5 m base, unfinished Sobekneferu candidate.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Lepsius I Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd–4th Dynasty transition (~2613 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
Unfinished giant mudbrick pyramid at Abu Rawash (Lepsius I), c.2613 BCE?, 17 m stump, 150+ m base.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Elephantine Small Step Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2630 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Minor step pyramid on Elephantine Island, Aswan (c.2630 BCE), 18.46 m base, frontier marker.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Geoglyph
Bir al-Abd Desert Kites (North Sinai)
Late Neolithic (El-Maghara-related) · Sinai Neolithic coastal hunters
First documented North Sinai kites (45 m asl, 31°01′N 33°09′E) on Bardawil lagoon sabkha plain south of Bir al-Abd, bridging Sinai to Negev corridor.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Tell el-Maskhuta (Pithom)
MK through Roman; Saite-Persian peak · Middle Kingdom → Hyksos → Saite Necho II → Persian Achaemenid → Ptolemaic
Wadi Tumilat gateway tell — Middle Kingdom fort, Hyksos, Saite grain silos (600 m³) and Darius I canal station, biblical Pithom/Heroöpolis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
el-Hibeh (Teudjoi / Ankyropolis)
Third Intermediate through Late-Byzantine; TI fortress phase · Theban High Priest (21st) → Libyan 22nd → Saite → Graeco-Roman
Third Intermediate border fortress (1070 BCE) with 12 m bastioned wall on Nile cliff — Theban–Tanite frontier garrison, Amenhotep III temple, priestly necropolis and Hibeh papyri.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Pi-Ramesses (Qantir / Piramesse)
Hyksos → New Kingdom capital → Third Intermediate (Tanis reuse) · Hyksos → Thutmoside → Ramesside 19th Dynasty → 21st Dynasty Tanis shift
New Kingdom Delta capital (18 km²) of Ramesses II over Avaris — stables for 480 chariot horses, bronze workshops and Pelusiac harbour, buried under Qantir silt.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Kom el-Khilgan (Khilgan)
Predynastic Chalcolithic to Early Dynastic · Buto-Maadi Culture → Naqada II-III interaction
Delta Predynastic tell (1.2 ha) with Buto-Maadi houses and Naqada graves interdigitated — key for Lower vs Upper Egyptian state formation, c.3500 BCE.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Sinki Pyramid
Old Kingdom, late 3rd–early 4th Dynasty (~2630 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
Minor step pyramid 5.5 km SE of Abydos (c.2630 BCE), 12.7 m base, Huni's provincial network.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Mazghuna South Pyramid
Middle Kingdom, late 12th Dynasty, ~1795 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Southern Mazghuna pyramid, 400 m south of north (c.1795 BCE), 52.5 m base, Amenemhat IV candidate.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Edfu South Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2630 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Minor step pyramid 5 km south of Edfu (c.2630 BCE), 21.65 m base, part of Huni network.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Naqada Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2630 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Minor step pyramid north of Nubt/Ombos near Naqada (c.2630 BCE), 18.39 m base, near Naqada culture type-site.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
El-Kula Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2630 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Minor step pyramid 6 km north Hierakonpolis (c.2630 BCE), 18.6 m base, near predynastic capital.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Seila Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd–early 4th Dynasty (~2630–2600 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
Fayum provincial step pyramid on Gebel el-Rus (c.2630 BCE, up to Sneferu), 25 m base, 6.8 m high, four steps.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Tell el-Yahudiya
MB Second Intermediate (Hyksos) → Late/Ptolemaic Jewish · MB Hyksos → New Kingdom On → Ptolemaic Jewish community (Onias IV)
MB Hyksos rampart fortress with Leontopolis Onias Jewish temple (160 BCE) — type-site for Tell el-Yahudiya incised ware bridging Hyksos and Jewish Egypt.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Djedefre (Abu Rawash)
Old Kingdom, early 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Egypt's northernmost royal pyramid, built c.2566–2558 BCE for Djedefre (Radjedef), eldest son of Khufu, on a plateau 8 km north of Giza overlooking Heliopolis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Khui
First Intermediate Period (8th Dynasty, ~2160 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
First Intermediate Period provincial pyramid of King Khui at Dara (c.2160 BCE), 146×136 m mudbrick mass.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Zawyet el-Meytin Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2630 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Northernmost minor step pyramid opposite Hebenu, Minya (c.2630 BCE), 22 m base on limestone spur.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Paraetonium (Marsa Matruh) – Lagoon Fortress
Pharaonic to Byzantine (New Kingdom – 7th c CE; Ptolemaic port 300 BCE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Egypt's western gate on Mediterranean lagoon, Paraetonium began as Ramesses II's western chain fort, then great Ptolemaic lagoon port with Alexander–Cleopatra stopover tradition; l...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Tell el-Yahudiya North (Leontopolis Annex)
Hyksos to Ptolemaic (1720 BCE – 73 CE) · Hyksos / Egyptian / Ptolemaic Jewish (Onias)
Northern spur of the classic double-tell of Yahudiya, with Hyksos rampart extension and Onias-period Jewish cemetery north of the temple platform where Petrie found inverted pots a...