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🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Paquimé Phase (1200–1400 CE) Medio period · Casas Grandes (Paquimé) Mogollon
Chihuahua Paquimé excavated by Di Peso 1958–61, Medio period 1200–1400, macaw pens and cast turquoise.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Idrisid to Almoravid (c. 800–1071 CE capital before Marrakech 1071) · Masmuda Berber Almoravid origins (Abu Bakr, Yusuf ibn Tashfin)
Aghmat excavated by Messier 2000s, Mu'tamid ibn Abbad exile tomb 1095, Almoravid origin stratigraphy.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Napatan (700–300 BCE Napatan kings → early Meroitic) · Kushite Napatan
Nuri excavated by Reisner 1917 and Dunham, 21 kings, Taharqa 690–664 BCE, vaulted chamber 10 m shaft.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Neo-Assyrian (9th c. BCE bilingual: Assyrian/Aramaic) · Aramaean Bit Bahiani → Assyrian
Head of Khabur tell excavated by Moortgat 1955–56 and recent Syrian, statue bilingual published 1982.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
PPNB to Early Halaf (8200–5300 BCE) · PPNB → Halaf (Amuq)
Euphrates village excavated by Molist 1991–, key Halaf transition sequence with painted Ubaid sherds.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Wari (600–800 CE) and later Recuay hinterland · Wari (Huari) highland expansion
Huaraz Wilcahuaín excavated by Bennett 1944, Wari 650 CE highland temple with 3 vaulted tombs, vents.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Ancestral Pueblo 1200–1700 CE; Mission San Bernardo 1629–1680 Pueblo Revolt destroyed · Hopi / Spanish Franciscan mission
Awatovi excavated by Fewkes & Smithsonian 1935–39, Jeddito Yellow ware and mission destruction 1680.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Garamantian (500 BCE–600 CE) capital; foggara peak 200 BCE · Garamantian (Berber Saharan state)
Germa excavated by Daniels 1970s and Mattingly 1990s, foggaras 5th c. BCE, 100k tumuli field nearby.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Meroitic (1st c. CE Amanitore/Natakamani) + earlier Amun temple 200 BCE · Meroitic Kandak Amanitore
Naqa excavated by Cailliaud 1822 and Wildung 1995–, Roman kiosk Hathor and Amanitore smiting relief.
🇯🇵 Japan · Megalith
Late Jomon (2000–1500 BCE) · Late Jomon Oyu
Kazuno circles excavated 1931 and 1946, Late Jomon double circles aligned to summer solstice sunset.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
EB III to Arab (2600 BCE–1500 CE) · Early Bronze → Persian → Islamic layered
Shfela type-site excavated by Petrie 1890, Bliss 1891–93 and Fargo, first potsherd dating in Levant.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Early Bronze to Crusader; Philistine peak 1170–830 BCE · Philistine (Gath of Goliath)
Tell es-Safi excavated by Maeir 1996–, Philistine inscription Goliath sherd and Hazael siege system.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Cemetery
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE; Cemetery R-37 2600–2000) · Harappan Harappa
Harappa cemetery excavated by Wheeler 1946 and Dales, 200 graves with coffins and steppe DNA later.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Asuka (c.700 CE, late 7th c.) · Asuka court (Korean painter?)
Asuka tomb discovered 1972 by farmer, excavated 1972–74, mural of women in court dress, Tang-style.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Third to Old Babylonian (2600–1700 BCE) · Hurrian (Urkesh)
Khabur excavations by Buccellati 1984–, Hurrian royal archives, stone lions and underworld pit abi.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Zuni Ancestral to Contact (1300–1680; Coronado 1540 first European battle) · Zuni (Ashiw) / Spanish Contact Coronado
Hawikuh excavated by Hodge 1917–23, 1540 Coronado battle with Estevánico death, 1680 revolt burned.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Toltec-Epiclassic (700–1200 CE El Cerrito dominance) · Toltec-related Querétaro (Tula hemisphere)
El Cerrito excavated by INAH 1940s and 1990s, Toltec regional capital pyramid 12 m on Cerro Gordo.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
5th Dyna Unas? Lepsius XXIX; now identified as Menkauhor local 2390 BCE? · Old Kingdom 5th Dynasty possibly Menkauhor Kaiu
Headless Pyramid excavated by Hawass 2008, Menkauhor identification, substructure with portcullis.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Late Kofun (late 6th c. CE c. 590 CE) · Yamato aristocracy (Mononobe/Soga)
Ikaruga round tomb excavated 1985, 6 mirrors including beast-band mirrors, unlooted 6th c. elite.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Early Kofun (mid-3rd c. CE c. 250 CE) · Yamato early Kofun (Himiko? Queen)
Makimuku Hashihaka excavated around moat 1990s, 280 m earliest Kofun predating Daisen by 180 yrs.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Classical (373 BCE earthquake Atlantis of Greece) + Mycenaean Helladic Early Helladic settlement 3000 BCE underlying · Achaian League Classical Helike 373 BCE inundated
Helike Project Soter & Katsonopoulou find 2001 Classical building with Helike coin and 373 layer.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Meroitic (600 BCE–350 CE capital after 300 BCE shift from Napata) · Meroitic royal capital (Kandake city)
Meroe town excavated by Garstang & Sayce 1911–14, iron capital 200k t slag, temple of Amun 600 m.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Ubaid to Late Chalcolithic (5500–3300 BCE) · Ubaid → Uruk Northern variant
Confluence proto-city excavated by Stein 2008–10, Halaf-Ubaid pottery mass and urban street plan.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE mature; dock 2400 BCE) · Indus / Harappan (Lothal)
Ahmedabad Lothal excavated by Rao 1954–63, dock at 2400 BCE, bead factory and Persian Gulf seal.
