🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Musti (Mustis)
Punic to Late Antiquity (4th c BCE–7th c CE; peak 2nd–3rd c CE) · Punic-Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
15-ha Punic–Numidian to Roman colonia on Carthage–Theveste road with three arches and Byzantine fortress.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Hadrumetum (Sousse)
Phoenician to Ottoman (1100 BCE–16th c; peak 2nd–4th c) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Early Christian / Islamic
Phoenician-tradition colonia under Sousse medina with 5.5 km catacombs, Virgil mosaic and Byzantine kasbah.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Haidra (Ammaedara)
Bronze Age to Byzantine (legionary 1st–2nd c; civil to 7th c) · Berber / Roman / Byzantine; dolmens Berber
Frontier legion fortress 14 CE of Legio III Augusta with Byzantine mega-fort and 100+ Bronze Age haouanet dolmens on hills.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Leptiminus (Lemta) – Submerged Harbour of Byzacena
Phoenician to Early Islamic (8th c. BCE – 698 CE) · Punic / Roman African
Punic-Roman Olive-capital port whose factory quays and baths lie –1 to –3 m along Lamta beach with visible bollard stones.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Gigthis (Bou Grara)
Punic to Byzantine (6th c BCE–7th c CE; Roman peak 2nd c) · Punic / Roman / Byzantine
10-ha causeway port with unique twin Antonine and Old Forums and Djerba lagoon mole.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Hadrumetum – Punic–Roman Harbour of Sousse
Phoenician to Byzantine (11th c. BCE wording – 7th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman African
Tyrian port older than Carthage — 320m Punic-Roman mole now reef off Sousse kasbah, overlaid by modern beach.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uthina (Oudhna)
Numidian to Early Islamic (2nd c BCE–9th c CE; peak 2nd–4th c) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine / Early Islamic
90-ha Augustan veteran colonia with half-buried 16,000-seat amphitheatre and Zaghouan-fed baths.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Meninx (Djerba) – Phoenician-Roman Port
Phoenician to Late Antiquity (7th c BCE – 7th c CE; peak 2nd–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Numidian / Roman (Africa Proconsularis)
Two-kilometre strand city on Djerba's southeastern causeway shore, Meninx was the island's Phoenician emporion turned Roman civitas capital, famed for murex purple second only to T...
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Utica
Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Late Antique · Phoenician / Roman
Phoenician port 1101 BCE now 12 km inland due to siltation; Roman capital of Africa with waterfall mosaic house.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thuburbo Majus
Punic to Late Roman (Berber–Punic village to 5th c CE; peak 2nd–3rd c) · Berber / Punic / Roman / Early Christian
55 ha roadside city with Capitolium, twin baths 3,800 m², and Temple of Baalit-Caelestis on Carthage–Theveste road.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Acholla
Punic to Byzantine (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 2nd–4th c. CE) · Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Acholla (Henchir Botria/Boutria) is a coastal Byzacena city founded Punic 5th c. BCE and Roman colonia, famed for its Trajanic amphitheatre (one of Africa's largest, ~6,000 seats), Byzantine fortress…
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Acholla – Submerged Harbour of Ras Boutria
Punic to Byzantine (5th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Punic / Roman Byzacena
Tyrian purple-dye port with murex basins and moles half in surf at Ras Boutria cape, wealthy enough to mint double coins.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Mactaris (Makthar) – Numidian-Roman City
Numidian / Roman (Hellenistic to Late Antique) · Numidian / Punic / Roman
Numidian–Roman hill city with neo-Punic mausoleum, dolmens and Trajan's arch.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thubursicum Bure
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Thubursicum Bure (modern Téboursouk) controls the Khalled–Siliana pass, a Berbero-Roman municipium with Massylian roots.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Ruspina – Caesarian Harbour of Monastir
Punic to Late Antique (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Punic / Caesarian Roman
Caesar's 46 BCE supply port opposite Thapsus — Punic mole slabs now under Monastir fishing lagoon at –1 to –2 m.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Leptis Minor
Phoenicio-Punic to Byzantine (8th c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 2nd c. BCE–4th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Leptis Minor (Leptiminus, modern Lamta) was Byzacena's other Leptis, Phoenician 8th c. BCE foundation distinct from Libyan Leptis Magna.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uchi Maius (Henchir Douamis)
Numidian to Late Antique (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman (Africa Proconsularis)
Hill town 20 km from Dougga with Severan arch and aqueduct.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thuburnica (Sidi Ali Belgacem)
Roman (Late Republic to Late Antiquity; peak 1st–3rd c. CE) · Roman (Africa Proconsularis)
Veteran colonia near Chemtou with monumental Roman bridge and basilica.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thaenae (Thyna) – Roman Byzacena Port
Punic / Roman / Byzantine (4th c BCE–7th c CE) · Punic / Roman
Roman–Punic oil port with amphitheatre and thermae on Gulf of Gabès.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Vazi Sarara
Punic/Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE; peak 2nd–5th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Vazi Sarara (Henchir Bez) is an inland Byzacena/ Africa Proconsularis colonia on the Siliana plain, founded as peregrine civitas and promoted colonia under Probus.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Archaeological Site of Carthage
Punic to Byzantine (814 BCE–698 CE; Punic peak 550–146 BCE; Roman from 44 BCE) · Phoenician/Punic / Roman / Byzantine / Vandal
Phoenician metropolis founded 814 BCE by Tyrian princess Elissa (Dido), Carthage became Mediterranean superpower until Third Punic War destruction 146 BCE, then rebuilt as Roman Africa capital.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uchi Minus (Henchir Rhar ez-Zaatli)
Roman (1st c. BCE–6th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman
Smaller twin to Uchi Maius on Khalled tributary with haouanet tombs.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Sicca Veneria (El Kef) – Numidian Cult Citadel
Numidian / Punic / Roman / Byzantine · Numidian / Roman
Cliff-top Venus cult city of Numidia–Rome, now kasbah-crowned El Kef.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thala (Plateau Fortress)
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
High-plateau Jugurthine citadel (1,017 m) with Byzantine pentagon fort.